Knowledge Essays - Epistemology, Creativity, Social Psychology

Information Essays - Epistemology, Creativity, Social Psychology Information Assume we award the presumption that instincts or ?seemings? consider proof. Assume we award the further, maybe questionable, suspicion that they can influence the situation in support of themselves in these cases. This infers there can be contradictions in detachment, each gathering to a difference can be sensible. Nonetheless, things are diverse when we go to instances of total honesty. To perceive any reason why, look at a progressively clear instance of ordinary sight, instead of understanding or instinct. Assume that you and I are remaining by the window watching out on the quad. We think we have tantamount vision and we know each other to be completely forthright. I appear to perceive what looks to me like an individual in a blue coat in the quad. (Expect this isn't something odd.) I accept that an individual with a blue coat is remaining on the quad. In the interim, you appear to see nothing of the sort there. You believe that nobody is remaining in the quad. We oppose this id ea. In disengagement before we converse with one another every one of us accepts sensibly. In any case, assume we talk about what we see and we arrive at complete honesty. By then, we each realize that something unusual is going on, however we have no clue about which of us has the issue. It is possible that I am ?seeing things? or on the other hand you are missing something. I would not be sensible in feeling that the issue is in your mind, nor would you be sensible in believing that the issue is in mine. Consider Pro and Con by and by. Each may have their own exceptional understanding or feeling of conspicuousness. Yet, once there has been total honesty, each thinks about the other?s understanding. These bits of knowledge may have evidential power. Be that as it may, at that point there is no reason for either Pro or Con holding their own conviction just in light of the fact that the one knowledge happens to happen within the person in question. A point about proof that assumes a job here is this: proof of proof is proof. All the more cautiously, proof that there is proof for P is proof for P. Realizing that different has an understanding furnishes every one of them with proof. 425 For each situation, one has one?s own proof supporting a recommendation, realizes that someone else has similar proof supporting a contending recommendation, and has no motivation to feel that one?s own explanation is the non-blemished one. To think in any case requires thinking something like this: ?You have an understanding as indicated by which ~P is valid. I make them accord to which P is valid. It?s sensible for me to trust P considering this in light of the fact that my knowledge bolsters P.? This is persistent and difficult, however not sensible. Consequently, the private proof the bits of knowledge or instincts doesn't bolster the view that there can be commonly perceived sensible differences, or even that there can be sensible contradictions after total honesty. On the off chance that the bits of knowledge consider proof, when one arrives at a place of total honesty, one realizes that there are experiences on the two sides. It is hard to perceive any reason why this proof better backings one?s own view as opposed to the contending view, and similarly as hard to perceive how it bolsters an attribution of sensibility to the next individual. The contending bits of knowledge counterbalance one another. The individuals who might engage private proof do have a straw to get a handle on at. They can demand that one?s proof that someone else has a contending understanding is consistently more vulnerable than one?s proof that one has a knowledge oneself. What's more, this, it very well may be contended, legitimizes holding one?s conviction. On the off chance that right, this would show that there can be sensible differences after complete honesty. It makes it less understood that there can be commonly perceived sensible differences. The explanation behind this is in the event that one individual, state Pro, isn't advocated in accepting that Con truly has an understanding, at that point Pro is additionally not legitimized in accepting that Con?s conviction is supported. One may depend on the view that Pro is advocated in accepting that Con has an understanding, yet not too supported in this conviction as in his conviction that he himself has his

Management and Leadership Essay

The executives and authority are viewed as interchangeable, however they are two distinct words. The executives is characterized as, â€Å"The craftsmanship, way or practice of overseeing, taking care of oversight or control though authority is characterized as, â€Å"The capacity to: â€Å"express a dream, impact others to accomplish results, support group collaboration, and be an example.† Leadership is â€Å"getting others to need to do things.† Leadership is personally tied up with persuading and affecting others. Chiefs are heads who compose field-tested strategies, set spending plans, screen progress, tackle issues and encourage gatherings. A supervisor accomplishes authority and position through understanding, getting, time and steadfastness. Supervisors have subordinates however a pioneer has devotees. A pioneer can be a supervisor, yet a director isn't really a pioneer. The pioneer of the work gathering may rise casually as the decision of the gathering. On the off chance that a supervisor can impact individuals to accomplish the objectives of the association, without utilizing their conventional position to do as such, at that point the director is exhibiting initiative. As put by Faye Wattle ton, â€Å"The just safe boat in a tempest is leadership.†Organizational CultureAccording to Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary †â€Å"culture is the coordinated example of human conduct that incorporates thought, discourse, activity, and ancient rarities and relies upon man’s limit with regards to learning and transmitting information to succeeding generations.†Organization culture is an arrangement of shared convictions and qualities that creates inside an association and aides the conduct of its memebers .It incorporates schedule, practices, standards, predominant qualities and an inclination or atmosphere conveyed..The pupose and capacity of this culture is to help encourage interior reconciliation, bring staff individuals from all degrees of the association a lot nearer together and improve their exhibition. A company’s culture decides a ton of the organization’s conduct. A culture might be solid (having a sensational impact over an individual’s conduct) or frail (having a moderately low effect on behavior).A solid culture is a rational allowance of faith based expectations, qualities, suspicions, and practices grasped by most individuals from the association. It cultivates inspiration, responsibility, personality, solidarity, and equivalence, which, thusly, encourages inward combination and coordination. A comprehension of hierarchical culture and how to change it is significantly significant for supervisors and pioneers to accomplish vital results. The situation of vital pioneers in an association helps them to see the elements of their authoritative culture and accomplish the substance of vital accomplishment through positive change. â€Å"Effective directors perceive that supplanting a drawn out culture of conventional qualities with one that encapsulates the serious qualities required later on can take years. Yet, the prizes of that exertion will be an association considerably more viable and receptive to its natural difficulties and opportunities.†(Bateman and Snell, 2007)Organizational Culture at Southwest AirlinesSouthwest Airlines was established in 1971 as a minimal effort provincial air transporter. The company’s mission expressed on its site genuinely mirrors its positive and sound authoritative culture. â€Å"We are resolved to give our Employees a steady workplace with equivalent open door for learning and self-improvement. Imagination and advancement are energized for improving the viability of Southwest Airlines. Most importantly, Employees will be given a similar concern, regard, and caring mentality inside the association that they are required to share remotely with each Southwest Customer.†Southwest Airlines has reliably been fruitful as far as productivity, great representative and association relations, and consumer loyalty †when most aircraft bearers are battling in every one of these territories. Key to the company’s achievement is a culture of adaptability, family-direction, and fun. They have faith in, â€Å"The way you treat and prize workers is one piece of your company’s culture†. Culture is the company’s lifestyle. It is the means by which the business capacities, works, handles pressure and fortifies its staff. It is the company’s general mentality toward the world. Southwest has manufactured a notoriety for being a fun, carefree and contemptuous carrier with a glad staff. It is said that Southwest’s greatest recruiting model is whether a candidate grins during their meeting. Southwest feels it can prepare anybody to carry out the responsibility, however it can't show an individual to have an inspirational demeanor. Southwest Airlines has perceived that grinning staff individuals canâ handle negative issues dexterously and still fulfill their clients. Southwest is additionally recognized as the early pioneer of specialist duty. As far as possible accentuation on the formal authoritative structure. At Southwest, dynamic is the procedure which is finished by the board/specialist advisory groups. Initiative gatherings are taped and imparted to workers. The specialists discovered that efficiency could be boosted when representatives felt just as their needs were being considered by getting consideration for their work. This marvel got known as the Hawthorne Effect. It is as obvious today as it was during the only remaining century that focusing on our human resources produces colossal outcomes. Southwest Airlines has figured out how to benefit from the standards of the Hawthorne Effect. Southwest Airlines has reliably stayed at the highest point of its industry, while putting a thorough spotlight on employees’ input and needs. Southwest looks to share the company’s accomplishment with its representatives. The carrier accomplished elevated levels of worker fulfillment and was remembered for the Fortune magazine’s rundown of the â€Å"100 Best Companies to Work for in America† for a long time in succession. â€Å"Southwest’s no-cutback reaction to September 11 was a suggestion to its representatives of the organization’s custom of thinking about its kin. When requested to remark on this, an authority clarified, â€Å"Its part of our way of life. We’ve consistently said we’ll do whatever we can to deal with our kin. So that’s what we’ve attempted to do.† Many investigators feel that the striking execution of Southwest is a result of its capacity to manufacture and support connections described by shared objectives, shared information and common regard between representatives. Southwest’s authoritative culture was molded by Kelleher’s administration. Kelleher’s character impacted the way of life of Southwest, which represents his suddenness, vitality and intensity. Southwest’s culture had three topics: love, fun and productivity. Kelleher regarded all the representatives as a â€Å"lovely and cherishing familyà ¢â‚¬ . Southwest endeavors to advance an affectionate, strong and suffering family-like culture. The Company started different measures to encourage closeness and familiarity among representatives. Southwest empowered its kin toâ conduct business in a caring way. Representatives are required to think about individuals and act in manners that avow their nobility and worth. Rather than brightening the mass of its central command with works of art, the organization balanced photos of its representatives participating at organization occasions, news clippings, letters, articles and ads. Southwest’s hierarchical culture urges workers to be creative, to impart, comprehend and care, be given to client assistance and above all to be an Individual. It keeps up its prosperity because of worker training, quite a bit of which happens in Southwest Airlines’ merry learning community: the University for People. Southwest considers figuring out how to be a ceaseless procedure. College for People mentors, known as facilitators, assemble an establishment for a progressing learning condition through an administrative initiative class called â€Å"Leadership Southwest Style,† which uses the Myers-Briggs Type Indicatorâ ® (MBTI ®) appraisal for self revelation. At Southwest Airlines, the board needs workers to feel good, mirroring its way of thinking that a representative who is agreeable can think all the more openly and imaginatively. Standard festivals unite workers. These incorporate â€Å"Spirit Parties,† Culture gatherings, and week after week Deck Parties at central station. Exercises at these occasions incorporate ability appears, move challenges, limbo challenges, karaoke, and popular individual copy topics. The Culture Committee invites new workers with a New Hire Welcome Kit, which incorporates a pack, tee-shirt, identification holder, pen, and welcome letter. Southwest Airlines is a fantastic case of social innovation that assists individuals with finding their actual abilities. The social condition joins humor with duty. Representatives work in groups without outside oversight. At prospective employee meet-ups, alongside other self-improvement mentality, the forthcoming worker must show a comical inclination. The organization perceives the way in to its way of life is â€Å"The Spirit of LUV.† Their duty to employ individuals with the ability to love and serve others has yielded a plentiful collect of dedication and cash. Thus it shows a very well mix of the board and authority. Key ideas of hierarchical culture at Southwest Airlines †¢Encourage to expect possession †¢Hire forever †¢Trust their decisions†¢Give employeesâ immediate access to basic data. †¢They have the ability to make alterations and to fix noteworthy issues rapidly. Results accomplished through these concepts†¢On-time appearances, legitimate things dealing with, and client grievances are conveyed on a week after week premise. †¢Everyone is centered around client assistance and making Southwest a triumph which permits them

Soil, Land Use And Environment Example

Soil, Land Use And Environment Example Soil, Land Use And Environment â€" Essay Example > To what extent can it be argued that the acidification of soils in humid temperate regions is the product of natural soil development as opposed to land use practice? IntroductionAcidification of soils is caused by the leaching and otherwise removal of cations (e. g. Ca and Mg) at a rate faster than can be supplied by weathering of the parent material. Leaching most often occurs where precipitation exceeds evapotranspiration, and includes the temperate regions of northwestern Europe, where soils have been subject to leaching since the end of the last ice age (Ellis and Mellor, 1995). Natural soils facing the same conditions for an extended time reach an equilibrium pH, but a wide variety of causes can change pH. Very low pH can cause a variety of problems, reducing the availability of nutrients for plant growth, and mobilising heavy metals such as aluminium, which can be very toxic when washed into fresh water systems. Natural causesPure rainwater in equilibrium with the atmospher e has a pH of 5.6. On meeting soil with a lower pH, the water is a sink of protons, as HCO3- ? H2CO3. However, the effect is a relatively small increase in pH, since the concentration of bicarbonate ions is low (Rowell and Wild, 1985). When meeting soil of pH above 5.6, rain has an acidifying effect, as carbonic acid dissociates, releasing protons. These exchange with the exchangeable cations such as Ca and Mg, which are then leached out of the system. In calcareous soils with pH 6.5, CaCO3 dissolves to Ca2+ and HCO3- which are also lost by leaching. The effect of rainwater as an acidifying agent is strongest in this last soil type (Rowell and Wild, 1985). Microbial respiration causes acidification by releasing CO2 which dissolves in soil water to form carbonic acid. Plants also contain many organic acids that are released to the soil. Nitrifying bacteria, also living in the soil, cause acidification by contributing to organic decomposition. In this process, NH4+ ions are oxidised to NO3- ions, with H+ ions as a by-product. Plant growth itself causes acidification, as base cations taken up by the roots are exchanged for H+ ions. The type of vegetation has a great effect on the contribution to acidity. Much research has been done into the effects of different tree species and woodland types (e. g. Hornung, 1985; Ovington, 1953), since the development of forests generally causes soil acidification. The processes in a new forest that contribute to acidification are the formation of an acid litter and mor humus, throughfall and stemflow (altering the chemistry of rainwater), production of organic acids, increased base cation uptake from the soil and increased precipitation interception and evapotranspiration. Not all of these processes act under all forests, and the effects are most marked under coniferous forests. However, there evidence that acidification of soils beneath conifers is largely reversed as the trees reach maturity. During the early years humus build-up is rapid, but later, as the canopy closes, the microclimate becomes less favourable for decomposition of litter, and thus nitrification by bacteria (Miles, 1985). The high soil pH created by young forests also affects the soil macrofauna, particularly earthworms. Earthworms are efficient decomposers of organic material, but can’t tolerate low pH. So, the decomposition of litter under a mature forest is further hindered by the loss of earthworm populations, and pH rises. Rising of pH during forest maturity is also due to changes in the ground vegetation as the forest closes in, for example the loss of relict moorland vegetation that has a strong acidifying effect.

The Pressue is On The Impacts of Peer Pressure in Julius...

Listening to peer pressure has the power to shift one’s fate. William Shakespeare’s play, Julius Caesar, demonstrates how pressuring a man to execute an atrocity will have a detrimental impact on his life. As a scheme forms to overthrow a rising emperor and his followers, the men in the conspiracy of murdering Caesar create more damage than value. Eventually, the rising tension to kill an upcoming ruler creates a downfall of the Roman Empire, a breaking of trust among companions, and the death of numerous men and women. The pressure present in Shakespeares play has a drastic outcome on every character’s life (Crowther). Everyone in Rome appeared to have a deep fondness for the adventurous, potent, and supercilious Caesar. In the time period in which Julius Caesar took place, the power was split evenly among the court to which no single man could rule (Eastman), but Caesar was starting an uprising which had the potential to change the way authority was distributed. He was adored by everyone around him and seemed to be flocked with his admirers at any given time. Soon this got to the point where Antony offered him the crown to the throne. Eventually, Cornelius recognized the change in the way the government was functioning and started to become envious and bothered by the shift in power. Eventually, his own selfish ambition drives him to go to one of his closest companions, Brutus, to see if they could put an end to the chaos in the jurisdiction. At first, Brutus is

The Delivery Service Of The Company - 778 Words

October 19, 2015 Delivery 4 U 1111 Hospitality Blvd San Bernardino, Ca 92354 Attn: John Smith Dear Mr. Smith, Are you tired of spending the company’s funds trying to make deliveries every day? We know how hard it can be to staff the right people in order to create the service your company needs. Like any growing company, you need the right team of professionals to work hard every day. Because you are a nationalized food chain service, you have a big opportunity to branch out and make larger amounts of money. Background Delivery 4 U has been helping firms like yours for over 20 years get the delivery service they need. We too are a nationwide corporation .We can offer your business the most dependable delivery service in the nation. Our company has been voted â€Å"Delivery Service of the Year† five years in a row by Food and Chain Magazine. By using our service you will be able to cut cost in hiring, firing, overtime and budget reconstructions. Our software is 100% generated. It is a proven method that companies have responded to. With the software we use and the staff we employ--we are able locate potential customers who have specified a need for your type of services, and would love to do business with your company. Proposal Plan Our mission will be to provide your customers with a 1-800 number to place orders. We will also create a link within your existing web page where customers can order on line. These links will include a full menu along with credit cardShow MoreRelatedImproving The Manufacturing And Service Delivery Processes For Companies1532 Words   |  7 Pagesand service delivery processes for companies can deliver individually different products to different individual customers cost efficiently is called mass customization. When product components are put together in a modularized way, the mass customization can reduce the company’s all in costs. The mass customizing companies are driven by observing individual customer request and by comparing them to what other customers have requested. As the demand for customizing products rise, companies are offeringRead MoreAmerican Express : An Express Delivery Service Company3198 Words   |  13 Pagesexpress delivery service company in the Uni ted States. The founders were not just one but three people; Henry Wells, William G. Fargo and John Butterfield. The company was incorporated in 1965 as a New York business. The company has office locations all throughout the world however; the headquarters is located in the financial district in New York City. Since then it has evolved into something so much bigger and advanced. It is now not only just involved with the U.S. but now a global service companyRead MoreSuccess IT Sytems In Companies Do Not Guarantee a Good Delivery of Services821 Words   |  4 Pagesmost companies are currently relying on technology especially in IT. However, according to the study and after reading many articles, Nicholas Carr noted that most of the IT projects aimed at improving many companies’ delivery and services failed. This is because many companies wanted to have good and complex information systems so that they can become more competitive. In this case, having a good IT system does not guarantee a good delivery of services. This is where many non-IT companies failedRead MoreThe Fedex Corporation : An American Based Worldwide Courier Delivery Service Company Essay1532 Words   |  7 Pagesworldwide courier delivery Service Company. It provides strategic and logistical support for a variety of operating divisions, currently known as FedEx Express, FedEx Ground, FedEx Freight, and FedEx Services. These companies operate independently, compete collectively and manage collaboratively (Amsler et al., 2010). For the purpose of this report, focus will be on FedEx Express operations. The company is currently the global leader in the express delivery market, and offers delivery to and from individualsRead Moreâ€Å"the Service Company Can Differentiate Its Service Delivery in Three Ways: Through People, Physical Environment and Process†1176 Words   |  5 PagesPrinciples of Logistics and Marketing Essay â€Å"The service company can differentiate its service delivery in three ways: through people, physical environment and process† (Kotler P, 2005). Introduction: In today’s competitive marketplace companies are competing strategically through service quality for better differentiation. In certain time of period the successful companies were using marketing mix model of four elements: Product, price, promotion and place. However laterRead MoreCompany And Product Overview : Hellofresh Is A Subscription Mail Order Fresh Food Delivery Service2347 Words   |  10 PagesCompany and Product Overview HelloFresh is a subscription mail order fresh food delivery service. This company provides ingredients for entire meals in refrigerated boxes with recipes, eliminating the need for consumers to grocery shop or meal plan. Also, these meals are properly proportioned to serve a specific number of people. Therefore, fresh ingredients are being used to prepare healthy, well-portioned meals. This concept promotes good eating habits and an appreciation for well-made foodRead MoreLogistics Information System Of Logistics1178 Words   |  5 Pagesand safe delivery and reducing transporting cost. There are several software company which provide logistics information system. They are Nippon Express NEC Logistics Hong Kong Limited, Sakata Warehouse,Inc., Retalix. a. Nippon Express NEC Logistics Hong Kong Limited Nippon Express NEC Logistic Hong Kong Limited was established since 1992 in Japan. NEC Logistics Ltd. Headquarter in Japan decided to set up a subsidiary in Hong Kong in 1998. And it became the recognized logistics service providerRead MoreEssay about The Smal Package Express Delivery Industry1714 Words   |  7 PagesExpress Delivery Industry is one of the industries where transportation and logistics giant, FedEx, is heavily involved in. Small Package Delivery pertains to a service wherein a company, which in this case would be FedEx, would accept payment from customers and other business owners in exchange of guaranteeing that their small packages would be delivered on or within a specified amount of time or a given schedule to their specified destination. Door to door small package delivery services have beenRead MoreA Brief Note On Third Party Delivery Services Essay974 Words   |  4 PagesThird-Party Delivery Services Third-party services are increasing nationally, regionally and locally to provide restaurateurs with an array of delivery options. Managing the delivery logistics is often challenging for restaurants that would prefer concentrating on food preparation. The good news is that you don t have to buy a delivery vehicle, train drivers and deal with delivery issues if you outsource your deliveries. The major players nationally are currently in a major expansion phase, andRead MoreFederal Express s Value Creation Frontier1667 Words   |  7 PagesFederal Express’s Value Creation Frontier A successful company has the ability to develop and execute a solid set of business-level strategies resulting in an effective business model. A primary goal of these strategies is for the company to reach the value creation frontier. Hill and Jones (2013) explain that the value creation frontier signifies â€Å"the maximum amount of value that the products of different companies within an industry can provide to customers at any one time using the different business

The Assault †Memory Free Essays

Memory is defined as â€Å"The faculty of the mind by which it retains the knowledge of previous thoughts, impressions, or events. † Memories are units of information that have impacted one’s life and are stored in the brain for years. In some cases, dramatic events may not let the brain register every single detail about a situation. We will write a custom essay sample on The Assault – Memory or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is much like Anton’s case of the winter of 1945 of the novel The Assault by Harry Mulisch. The events of that winter affected him like no other would. The loss of his mother, father and brother and the burning of his house left an impact on him but the events were so grave his brain did not allow him to remember the smaller details. As he meets important people from his past, he begins to remember the smaller things he has experienced. Throughout the whole novel memories begin to slowly flow back to Anton. Every person he meets allows his memories to develop. First, he sees his former neighbours, the Beumers’, who not only jog his memory but allow him to learn new things about that night. Although the memories should have been vivid in his mind, Anton had forgotten some of the events of that night. Simply seeing the Beumers’, and being in their presence helped jog his memories. They had him over for supper while he was in the neighbourhood for a friends’ birthday. It had been evident that Mrs. Beumer’s memories were certainly more vivid than Anton’s. Next had been his meeting with Fake Ploeg junior, the son of the Nazi who had been killed that terrible night. Ploeg had not been over his father’s death, He and Anton both had arguments defending their fathers, and why that night may have happened. This allowed Anton to open his mind to new ideas, and question his theories as if they had not been thought out correctly. Another happens later when Anton meets Takes, a friend of his father-in-law’s. In the first episode Anton is thrown in a cell with an older woman whom he cannot identify. He has an emotional conversation with her about what had happened the night of Ploeg’s death and became extremely friendly with the woman. She becomes some sort of a mother figure to Anton. Although Anton felt as if he could remember every word, every feeling and every scent that night in the cell, he drew a blank. Takes explains that the woman in the cell with him was one of Ploeg’s killers. This was one of those important moments in your life that is so grave you can’t allow yourself to remember. It may have been due to the fact that Anton didn’t remember, or didn’t want to remember the details that remind him of the death of his family members. After he meets Takes he meets Karen Kortweg one of the more important characters in the plot. The Kortweg’s were the ones who took Fake Ploeg’s body and dragged it in front of Anton’s family’s house, the Steenwijk residence. When meeting Karen, she finally explains the reasoning behind why she left the body in front of the Steenwijk’s house and not any of the other two neighbour’s houses. Once she goes into detail about the families and her and her father’s reasoning’s Anton begins to understand and remember the neighbourhood he grew up in and the events of that night. It is amazing how memories can be jogged by a single person, object, sound or scent. The people Anton has met and the places he revisits allow him to remember the events of his torturous past, which permit him to determine his future. Without memories people would not be able to be happy and reminisce on all the great moments in their lives. They wouldn’t be able to learn from their mistakes to better their future. With all these memory lapses Anton was having, he was stuck. There was nothing to learn from, no pain harboured inside of him, and all the happy moments he shared with his family were gone. Once he began to remember certain events his mind had been open to new and old feelings. Ones he hadn’t felt since he was twelve years old living peacefully in Holland with his family. He also began to create a direction for himself. The only question he was left with was who was guilty and who had been innocent? In the end memories are extremely important. They help form a person and guide them through life. As well as learn from their mistakes and prepare them for the future. Memories are like a dream you can’t remember. Once it’s over, you forget completely. But that one feeling, smell or sound lets it all come back to you and you are finally able to allow yourself to experience the state of euphoria we call remembering. How to cite The Assault – Memory, Essay examples

My favorite sputnik Review Essay Example

My favorite sputnik Review Paper Essay on My favorite sputnik There she is! Haruki Murakami book, which pleased me completely and unconditionally. There is no overblown text sets unfinished storylines and open-ended in this case is ideal, as opposed to have a cut of some works of Murakami, about which I snarled in response to the Kafka on the beach » At the heart of the novel love triangle:. Sumire Myuu love, the narrator-hero is in love with Sumire, but the drama of the characters is not love experiences. All three of them are cut off from their families, they do not close, they feel like strangers in the community. Sputnik one of the Russian word known all over the world in the book of heroes reason why Russian so-called man-made object, lonely flying through space. The characters themselves the same satellites, single shell living life in mindless flight. They intersect in its orbit and fly further into the darkness The plot is quite schematic and simple -. Unnamed hero, a school teacher, and Sumire, dreaming of becoming a writer, binds tender friendship, he craves it, but realizes that his and feeling hopelessly silent. Sumire meets Myuu middle-aged woman and falls in love with her unconscious. Myuu Sumire hires to work after some time, they together went on a business trip, and then stopped to rest on the Greek island (which immediately reminded Magus). Blessed rest is interrupted by the disappearance of Sumire. We will write a custom essay sample on My favorite sputnik Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on My favorite sputnik Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on My favorite sputnik Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer And still a lot more I seized not a love story, and the author of the game with the subconscious and reality. Murakami story is on the border of two worlds: our ordinary and hidden from the eyes of reality. The easiest way to leave this world a dream, but the heroes approach the border of reality and looks for it. For me, the strongest impression is the story Myuu she, riding a Ferris wheel, looking through binoculars, finds his window and peeks into the apartment, where she sees herself and she the other she has sex with a man who is the most disgusting Myuu. After this episode, Myuu forever remain empty feeling left her, stayed with the other half. At this wave, I surfaced Association Lullaby Palahniuk, where the heroine being away called home and asked to call themselves as to the phone, and in the end, she said, and the memories of the childrens tale from the book for mustard plasters Tales where the hero feels that his apartment is some kind of secret life in his absence, h e could spy on her, but as soon as encroaching on forbidden territory, the magic is gone forever. These stories hurt chord somewhere very deep inside, on a subconscious level. Have you ever pondered what was happening in the room from which you just came out? My favorite sputnik Review Essay Example My favorite sputnik Review Paper Essay on My favorite sputnik Opinions on the satellite very strongly disagree. The book is not for everybody. Start a little tedious, but the second part of the book draws. When you read, everything seems very simple and understandable, but when, after reading, you close the book, you know how it all mysterious and left unsaid, it is impossible to convey the feeling, you must feel it This whole Murakami. I do not know what, but the book I was hooked. We understand how precious was our man, only losing it and in the literal sense. Sometimes it happens that people disappear, vanish like smoke. Can they get into another world? It is unknown to us, but it is clear exactly one thing: if people suddenly disappear, it just suddenly appear. Just have to wait a little .. time flies and when you nearly forget about everything, you hear a phone call, a call from the same man, the one for you I was shocked by the story Myuu:. One evening she decided to ride on Ferris wheel and at the same time look of the binoculars in the window of his house. From the first time she is not work, but she had the second chance. She was stuck on top of the wheel, maybe the controller forgot about her and turned off all the attractions, and because of the late time in the park was empty. Sitting in a booth, she finds his apartment and looked into the room, where she sees, how would it sound strange, myself, and that another it making love with a man who is disgusting real Myuu. After seeing Myuu devastated and shocked, it feels like the girl took all her emotions and feelings. From the previous Myuu was only a shell and nothing more Have you ever pondered what was happening in the room from which you just came out? (C) We will write a custom essay sample on My favorite sputnik Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on My favorite sputnik Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on My favorite sputnik Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer If you had invented a car that runs on stupid jokes, you could upilit on it too far

Free Essays on Fiction Or Non Fiction

Sci-fi writers have been astonishing us for years with stories, especially the ones of the far future and its’ technologies. From the bioregenerative field on Star Trek, used to accelerate cellular growth on injured crew members on, down to the most recent of all shown in the upcoming movie â€Å"Ballistic† staring Lucy Liu. In â€Å"Ballistic† the bad guys use a small device the size of a cell to cause a heart attack in their victims, once it is injected and activated. Sci-fi right Well not quite. The technology mentioned above have been under development, and one of them being tested in the Navy. Two years ago doctors at the medical college of Wisconsin in Milwaukee made fiction into nonfiction, with the help of NASA and space shuttle technology the development of LEDs (light emitting diodes) was introduced into the medical field. Scientist found a way to accelerate the healing process by charging up cells in the body, just like the bioregenerator field used in Star Trek. The infrared light emitted by the LEDs increase the energy in cells causing growth up to five times faster than normal. Dr. Whelan a naval medical officer and professor of neurology have been working with LEDs array aboard a nuclear submarine treating injuries caused in training exercise. His research and studies on the healing properties produced by the LEDs have inducted him in NASA space technology hall of fame. In the near future this 3.5 inch by 4.5 inch portable flat array of LEDs can one day be carried around in hospitals and used as often as your common stethoscope or blood pressure cuff to treat mi nor cuts, sprains, sores, and even tumors. In the movie â€Å"Ballistic† the technology used by the villain is known as nanotech. (anything smaller than microtechnology) Swedish inventor Edwin Jager say robots the size of a period used in a sentence could be used to move cells, repair damaged tissue to delicate for surgery, capture bacteria, or even seek out... Free Essays on Fiction Or Non Fiction Free Essays on Fiction Or Non Fiction Sci-fi writers have been astonishing us for years with stories, especially the ones of the far future and its’ technologies. From the bioregenerative field on Star Trek, used to accelerate cellular growth on injured crew members on, down to the most recent of all shown in the upcoming movie â€Å"Ballistic† staring Lucy Liu. In â€Å"Ballistic† the bad guys use a small device the size of a cell to cause a heart attack in their victims, once it is injected and activated. Sci-fi right Well not quite. The technology mentioned above have been under development, and one of them being tested in the Navy. Two years ago doctors at the medical college of Wisconsin in Milwaukee made fiction into nonfiction, with the help of NASA and space shuttle technology the development of LEDs (light emitting diodes) was introduced into the medical field. Scientist found a way to accelerate the healing process by charging up cells in the body, just like the bioregenerator field used in Star Trek. The infrared light emitted by the LEDs increase the energy in cells causing growth up to five times faster than normal. Dr. Whelan a naval medical officer and professor of neurology have been working with LEDs array aboard a nuclear submarine treating injuries caused in training exercise. His research and studies on the healing properties produced by the LEDs have inducted him in NASA space technology hall of fame. In the near future this 3.5 inch by 4.5 inch portable flat array of LEDs can one day be carried around in hospitals and used as often as your common stethoscope or blood pressure cuff to treat mi nor cuts, sprains, sores, and even tumors. In the movie â€Å"Ballistic† the technology used by the villain is known as nanotech. (anything smaller than microtechnology) Swedish inventor Edwin Jager say robots the size of a period used in a sentence could be used to move cells, repair damaged tissue to delicate for surgery, capture bacteria, or even seek out...

Count Raymond of Toulouse - Crusader

Count Raymond of Toulouse - Crusader Raymond of Toulouse was also known as: Raymond of Saint-Gilles, Raimond de Saint-Gilles, Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse, Raymond I of Tripoli, marquis of Provence; also spelled Raymund Raymond of Toulouse was known for: Being the first nobleman to take the cross and lead an army in the First Crusade. Raymond was an important leader of the Crusades armies, and participated in the capture of Antioch and Jerusalem. Occupations: CrusaderMilitary Leader Places of Residence and Influence: FranceThe Latin East Important Dates: Born: c. 1041Antioch captured: June 3, 1098Jerusalem captured: July 15, 1099Died: Feb. 28, 1105 About Raymond of Toulouse: Raymond was born in Toulouse, France, in 1041 or 1042. Upon taking the countship, he began to reassemble his ancestral lands, which had been lost to other families. After 30 years he built up a significant power base in southern France, where he controlled 13 counties. This made him more powerful than the king. A devout Christian, Raymond was a staunch supporter of the papal reform that Pope Gregory VII had initiated and that Urban II continued. He is believed to have fought in the Reconquista in Spain, and may have gone on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. When Pope Urban made his call for Crusade in 1095, Raymond was the first leader to take up the cross. Already past 50 and considered elderly, the count left the lands hed so carefully consolidated in the hands of his son and committed to go on a perilous journey to the Holy Land along with his wife. In the Holy Land, Raymond proved to be one of the most effective leaders of the First Crusade. He helped capture Antioch, then led the troops onward to Jerusalem, where he participated in a successful siege yet refused to become king of the vanquished city. Later, Raymond captured Tripoli and built near the city the castle of Mons Peregrinus (Mont-Pà ¨lerin). He died there in February, 1105. Raymond was missing an eye; how he lost it remains a matter of conjecture. More Raymond of Toulouse Resources: Portrait of Raymond of Toulouse Raymond of Toulouse in Print The link below will take you to an online bookstore, where you can find more information about the book to help you get it from your local library. This is provided as a convenience to you; neither Melissa Snell nor About is responsible for any purchases you make through these links.   Raymond IV Count of Toulouseby John Hugh Hill and Laurita Lyttleton Hill Raymond of Toulouse on the Web Raymond IV, of Saint-GillesBrief bio at the Catholic EncyclopediaThe First CrusadeMedieval FranceChronological Index Geographical Index Index by Profession, Achievement, or Role in Society The text of this document is copyright  ©2011-2016 Melissa Snell. You may download or print this document for personal or school use, as long as the URL below is included. Permission is   not  granted to reproduce this document on another website. For publication permission,  please   contact  Melissa Snell. The URL for this document is:http://historymedren.about.com/od/rwho/p/who-raymond-of-toulouse.htm

Cloud Security and Privacy Issues Research Paper - 1

Cloud Security and Privacy Issues - Research Paper Example As a result of this technology, computing efficiency has been increased by offering centralized storage of data. On the whole, cloud computing security is thus the application of all the sets of policies and controls in order to protect data and this should not be confused with the available security software’s that are cloud based. Without cloud computing the web server will run as a single computer or a group of owned computers hence they will be powerful enough to serve a given amount of request per minute and with a certain amount of latency per request. This paper critically presents an elaborate discussion on cloud security and privacy issues from a wide perspective. Security and Privacy With the intention to make sure that data is secure and that its privacy is well maintained, cloud providers focus on the following areas. The first area is data protection. In order to be considered protected, data from one client are correctly separated from that of the other (Brandau & Tempest, 189). In that sense; data must be securely stored, and must be capable to move steadily from one point to the other. Identity management is the other area of consideration. Every business is entitled to a private system of identity management in order to manage access to computing resources and information. Companies like Google, Amazon, and Microsoft are the pioneer in using cloud computing technology. Just like any form of technology, cloud security contains reasonable share of confronts ranging from government intervention in foreign countries and attacks from hackers and they have been able to rise up from these challenges by securing and encrypting their servers through the SLL technologies and upgrading of their firewalls. With the support of stable operating systems like UNIX Google has been able to secure its E-mail system. With the flexibility and fixing of the security loopholes, cloud computing technology has proven to be a great success. Discussion: Cloud Secu rity and Privacy Issues In the event when an organization adapts to cloud computing technology, it implies that the organization users will be using one server power. In one way or the other, this greatly helps in conserving the computer power and diverse applications can be offered for the users and managed under the cloud server (Chakraborty, Remireddy, Raghu & Rao, 10). This is a clear implication that the client does not require going to the extent of downloading and installing the application on the computer system, but all the procedures will be stored and managed under the cloud server. With reference to different statistics, cloud computing model guarantees ease and on require network entree to a distributed pool of resources that are configurable (Brandau & Tempest, 184). For example; servers, networks, storage device application, and service can swiftly process with negligible management effort. By means of cloud computing, all this work is accomplished without the awarene ss of the end user on the physical location of the system that is delivering him with the service (John & Grier, 2). For this reason the phrase cloud computing is related with processing work from an identified static place. The Cloud Computing Architecture A more detailed module of the computing architecture is known as the back end and the front end. While the front end is the section that the customers or computer users can observe and it comprises the nodes and applications on the system. These are the elements which allow the user to achieve access to the internet through the end user interface from his personal system.

Disagreements about the ideals of management will always exist. But Essay

Disagreements about the ideals of management will always exist. But the realities of management can be established on the basis of evidence, rather than ideas about what they ought to be - Essay Example Management facilitates the production of desired and useful outcomes in the system of organization. However, management faces many disagreements about its ideals which always exist. However, management realities can be established on basis of evidence, instead of what they ought to be. Managers are the business drivers of an organisations goals and objectives, so as to realise its realities. Therefore, management has many challenges that result into conflicts. Fortunately, if these conflicts can be solved on the basis of evidence, they can be turned into great opportunities for the business, rather than ideas of what they would have been (Pruitt, 1983). Hence, a skilled manager will always seek to turn challenges into opportunities by basing his decisions and actions on evidence. This essay looks into the disagreements that exist in business, how management realities can be established on the basis of evidence rather than ideas about what they ought to be. Some of the issues raised in the statement are what the disagreements and their causes, what are the management realities and what evidence are required. In the past, management was looked at from the functional perspective, which is, regularly measuring a quantity and undertaking necessary adjustments of the initial plans in order to attain the desired goals, even without planning. One of the greatest contributor of modern management concepts, Henri Fayol (1841-1925, pg, 23) however considers management functions as planning, forecasting, coordinating, commanding, and organizing the activities of a business. However, Mary Follet (1869-1933) describes management as the philosophy of having things done by other people (Gomez-Mejia, 2008, pg 19). The difficulties of defining management, changing nature in its definitions, and difficulties of connecting managerial practices with the class or cadre of management shows how critical and difficult management task involve, since they finally dictate the well being

Introduction to personality

Introduction to personality The manner in which a person acts and interacts is a reflection of his personality. Personality is influenced by hereditary, cultural and social factors. Regardless of how its defined, however, psychologists generally accept certain principles: Personality is an organized whole; otherwise, the individual would have no meaning. Personality appears to be organized into patterns that are to some degree observable and measurable. Although personality has a biological basis, its specific development is also a product of social and cultural environments. Personality has superficial aspects such as attitudes toward being a team leader and a deeper core such as sentiments about authority or the Protestant work ethic. Personality involves both common and unique characteristics. Every person is different from every other person in some respects, while being similar to other persons in other respects. (Sources from James L Gibson, John M. Ivancevich, Jams H. Donnelly, JR and Robert Konopaske, (2003). Organisational Behavior, Structure, Process, New Yoke: The McGraw-Hill Companies). Part of the pleasure of getting to know someone is the fascination of learning who they are and how they think. Each person has a unique pattern of thinking, behaving, and expressing their feelings. In short, everyone has a unique personality. Without doubt, personality touches our daily lives. Falling in love, choosing friends, getting along with co-workers, voting for a president, or coping with your zaniest relatives all raise questions about personality. What is Personality? Personality could be further explained by the following theories by various writers: Personality can be defines as an integrated part of an individual it is something a person does or has. People bring their personalities to situations and take them away with them when they leave (Davey, 2004). Personality defines as a stable set of characteristics and tendencies that determine commonalities and differences in peoples behavior (James, 1994). Personality defines as a persons unique pattern of thinking, emotions, and behavior (Funder, 2001). Personality defines as the structures inside a person that explain why he or she creates a particular impression on others (MacKinnon, 1969). Personality refers to the consistency in who you are, have been, and will become. It also refers to the special blend of talents, value, hopes, loves, hates, and habits that makes each of us a unique person (Coon, 2006). Personality defines as an individuals personality is a relatively stable set of characteristics, tendencies and temperaments that have been significantly formed by inheritance and by social, cultural and environmental factors. This set of variables determines the commonalities and differences and differences in the behavior of the individual (Gibson, 2003). Personality defines as the distinctive impression a person makes on others (Goldberg, 1993). Personality defines as a dynamic organisation, inside the person, of psychophysical systems that create a persons characteristic patterns of behavior, thoughts, and feelings (Carver and Scheier, 2000) (Allport, 1961). Personality defines as the combinations of the psychological traits that characterize that person (Robbins and DeCenzo, 2005). Personality defines as a dynamic and organized set of characteristics possessed by a person that uniquely influences his or her cognitions, motivations, and behaviors in various situations (Ryckman, 2004). Determinants of Personality Personality is the outcome of a continuous personal quality development process. The role of personality becomes clear in a particular situation. Personality is recognised in a situation. It is the results of personal quality interaction in a particular condition. The major determinants of personality of an individual are given below: Biological factors Heredity: Heredity refers to those factors that were determined at conception. Physic stature, facial attractiveness, sex, temperament, muscle composition and reflexes, energy level, and biological rhythms are characteristics that are generally considered to be either completely or substantially influenced by who your parents were; that is, by their biological, physiological, and inherent psychological makeup. The contribution of heredity to personality development is vividly clear for developing external appearance, behavior, social stimuli, self inner awareness, organizing traits, etc. Environment: Exerts pressure on personality formation. Culture, religious practices, family groups, friends, social groups and experience play a part in shaping personality. Culture establishes norms, attitudes, and values that are passed over generations. Situation: Personality changes in different situations. Different situations demand different types of behavior. Situations restrict or cause us elicit certain types of behaviors. We behave differently when attending funeral. We display different behavior when attending employment interview. Personality Types Personality type refers to the psychological classification of different types of people. Personality types are distinguished from personality traits, which come in different levels or degrees. According to type theories, for instance, there are two fundamentals types of people, introverts and extraverts. According to traits theories, introversion and extraversion are part of a continuous dimension. Extraverts energy is directed primarily outward, towards people and things outside of themselves. Introverts energy is primarily directed inward, towards their own thoughts, perceptions, and reactions. Therefore, extraverts tend to be more naturally active, expressive, social, and interested in many things, whereas introverts tend to be more reserved, private, cautions, and interested in fewer interactions, but with greater depth and focus. Below Figure 1 is the characteristic of Extraverts and Introverts (Tieger Barron, 2003). Even though types tend to oversimplify personality, they do have value. Most often, types are a shorthand way of labeling who have several traits in common. One well known example of personality types is Type A theory. According to this theory, impatient, hostile people are classified as Type A, whereas calm, laid back individuals are designated as Type B. Type A In Type A personality, people belonging to such category are hard driving, ambitious, highly competitive, achievement oriented, and striving. Type A people believe that with enough effort they can overcome any obstacle, and they push themselves accordingly (Niaura, 2002). Types As seem to chafe at the normal pace of events. They hurry from one activity to another, racing the clock in self-imposed urgency. As they do, they feel a constant sense of frustration and anger. Feelings of anger and hostility, in particular, are strongly related to increased risk of heart attack (Niaura, 2002). Characteristics of Type A people are summarized in the short self-identification test presented in Figure 2 below. Characteristics of the Type A Person Have a habit of explosively accentuating various key words in ordinary speech even when there is no need for such accentuation. Finish other peoples sentences for them. Always move, walk and eat rapidly. Quickly skim reading material and prefer summaries or condensations of books. Become easily angered by slow-moving lines or traffic. Feel an impatience with the rate at which most events take place. Tend to be unaware of the details or beauty of your surroundings. Frequently strive to think of or do two or more things simultaneously. Almost always feel vaguely guilty when you relax, vacation, or do absolutely nothing for several days. Tend to evaluate your worth in quantitative terms (number of As earned, amount of income, number of games won, and so forth). Have nervous gestures or muscle twitches, such as grinding your teeth, clenching your fists, or drumming your fingers. Attempt to schedule more and more activities into less time and in so doing make fewer allowances for unforeseen problems. Frequently think about other things while talking to someone. Repeatedly take on more responsibilities than you can comfortably handle. (Shortened and adapted from Meyer Friedman and Ray H. Rosenman, Type A Behavior and Your Heart, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc, 1983). As our society places a premium on achievement, competition, and mastery, it is not surprising that many people develop Type A personalities. The best way to avoid the self-made stress this causes is to adopt behavior that is the opposite of that listed in Figure 2 above. It is entirely possible to succeed in life without sacrificing your health or happiness in the process. Type B The converse, the Type B individual, mainly is free of the Type A behavior pattern characteristics and generally feels no pressing conflict with either time or persons. The Type B may have considerable drive, want to accomplish things and work hard, but the Type B has a confident style that allows him or her to work at a steady pace and not to race against the clock. The Type A has been likened to a racehorse; the Type B, to a turtle. Type B individual appear more relaxed and easy-going. They accept situations and work within them rather fight them competitively. Type B individual are especially relaxed regarding time pressure, so they are less prone to have problems associated with stress. Still, Type B individuals can be highly productive workers who meet schedule expectations; they simply obtain results in a different manner. Characteristics of the Type B Person Patient Relaxes Easy-going, mellow May avoid confrontation Not quick to anger (Shortened and adapted from Meyer Friedman and Ray H. Rosenman, Type A Behavior and Your Heart, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc, 1983). Personality Traits Five specific personality traits have proven most powerful in explaining individual behavior in organizations. These are locus of control, machiavellianism, self-esteem, self-monitoring and risk propensity. Locus of Control Some people believe that they control their own fate. Others see themselves as pawns of fate, believing that what happens to them in their lives us due to luck or chance. The Locus of Control in the first case is internal. In the second case, it is external; these people believe that their lives are controlled by outside forces. A manager might also expect to find that externals blame a poor performance evaluation on their bosss prejudice, their employees, or other events outside their control, whereas internal explain the same evaluation in terms of their own actions. Machiavellianism The second personality trait is called Machiavellianism. An individual who is high in Machiavellianism is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, believes that ends can justify means, and is found to have beliefs that are less ethical. Jobs that require bargaining skills (labour negotiator) or that have substantial rewards for winning (a commissioned salesperson), high Machiavellianism are productive. In job in which ends do not justify the means or that lack absolute standards of the performance, it is difficult to predict the performance of high Machiavellianism. Self-Esteem People differ in the degree to which they like or dislike themselves. This trait is called Self-Esteem. The research on Self-Esteem offers some interesting insights into organizational behavior. For instance, Self-Esteem is directly related to expectations for success. High Self-Esteem believed that they possess the ability to succeed at work. Individuals with high Self-Esteem will take more risks in job selection and are more likely to choose unconventional jobs than are people with low Self-Esteem. Low Self-Esteem is dependent on positive evaluations from others. As a result, they are more likely to seek approval from others and more prone to conform to the beliefs and behaviors of those they respect than are high Self-Esteems. Self-Monitoring The third personality trait is called Self-Monitoring. It refers to an individuals ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors (Snyder, 1987). Individuals high in Self-Monitoring can show considerable adaptability in adjusting their behavior to external, situational factors. They are highly sensitive to external cues and can behave differently in different situations. Risk Propensity The final personality trait is called Risk Propensity. A preference to assume or avoid risk has been shown to have an impact on how long it takes individuals to make a decision and how much information they require before making their choice. For instance, 79 managers worked on a simulated human resources management exercise that required them to make hiring decisions (Taylor, 2000). High risk-taking managers made more rapid decisions and used less information in making their choices than did the low risk-taking managers. Interestingly, the decisions accuracy was the same for both groups. The Big 5 Models The Big Five represents taxonomy (classification system) of traits that some personality psychologists suggest capture the essence of individual differences in personality. These traits were arrived at through factor analysis studies. The five factors are Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. The following are some of the important characteristics of the five factors. The factors are dimensions, not types, so people vary continuously on them, with most people falling in between the extremes (Soldz Vaillant, 1999). The factors are stable over a 45-year period beginning in young adulthood (Soldz Vaillant, 1999). The factors and their specific facets are heritable (McCrae, 1998). The factors probably had adaptive value in a prehistoric environment (Buss, 1996). The factors are considered universal, having been recovered in languages as diverse as German and Chinese (McCrae Costa, 1997). Knowing ones placement on the factors is useful for insight and improvement through therapy (McCrae Costa, 1992). The Big Five factors and their constituent traits: Openness Appreciation for art, Emotion, Adventure, Unusual ideas, Imagination, Curiosity and Variety of experience Conscientiousness A tendency to show self-discipline, act dutifully, and aim for achievement; planned rather than spontaneous behavior. Extraversion Energy, Positive emotions, Surgency, and the tendency to seek stimulation and the company of others. Agreeableness A tendency to be compassionate and cooperative rather than suspicious and antagonistic towards others. Neuroticism A tendency to experience unpleasant emotions easily, such as anger, anxiety, depression, or vulnerability; sometimes called emotional instability. (Source adapted from J. S. Wiggins (Ed.). The five-factor mode of personality: Theoretical perspectives. New York: Guilford). Openness Openness is a general appreciation for art, emotion, adventure, unusual ideas, imagination, curiosity, and variety of experience. The trait distinguishes imaginative people from down-to-earth, conventional people. People who are open to experience are intellectually curious, appreciative of art, and sensitive to beauty. They tend to be, compared to closed people, more creative and more aware of their feelings. They are more likely to hold unconventional beliefs (Buss D. M., 1996). People with low scores on openness tend to have more conventional, traditional interests. They prefer the plain, straightforward, and obvious over the complex, ambiguous, and subtle. They may regard the arts and sciences with suspicion, regarding these endeavours as abstruse or of no practical use. Closed people prefer familiarity over novelty. They are conservative and resistant to change (Buss D. M., 1996). Conscientiousness Conscientiousness is a tendency to show self-discipline, act dutifully, and aim for achievement. The trait shows a preference for planned rather than spontaneous behaviour. It influences the way in which we control, regulate, and direct our impulses (Buss D. M., 1996). The benefits of high conscientiousness are obvious. Conscientious individuals avoid trouble and achieve high levels of success through purposeful planning and persistence. They are also positively regarded by others as intelligent and reliable. On the negative side, they can be compulsive perfectionists and workaholics (Buss D. M., 1996). Extraversion Extraversion, also called extroversion, is characterized by positive emotions, surgency, and the tendency to seek out stimulation and the company of others. The trait is marked by pronounced engagement with the external world. Extraverts enjoy being with people, and are often perceived as full of energy. They tend to be enthusiastic, action-oriented individuals who are likely to say Yes! or Lets go! to opportunities for excitement. In groups they like to talk, assert themselves, and draw attention to themselves (Buss D. M., 1996). Introverts lack the exuberance, energy, and activity levels of extraverts. They tend to be quiet, low-key, deliberate, and less involved in the social world. Their lack of social involvement should not be interpreted as shyness or depression. Introverts simply need less stimulation than extraverts and more time alone (Buss D. M., 1996). Agreeableness Agreeableness is a tendency to be compassionate and cooperative rather than suspicious and antagonistic towards others. The trait reflects individual differences in concern with for social harmony. Agreeable individuals value getting along with others. They are generally considerate, friendly, generous, helpful, and willing to compromise their interests with others. Agreeable people also have an optimistic view of human nature. They believe people are basically honest, decent, and trustworthy (Burger, 2008). Disagreeable individuals place self-interest above getting along with others. They are generally unconcerned with others well-being, and are less likely to extend themselves for other people. Sometimes their skepticism about others motives causes them to be suspicious, unfriendly, and uncooperative (Burger, 2008). Neuroticism Neuroticism is the tendency to experience negative emotions, such as anger, anxiety, or depression. It is sometimes called emotional instability. Those who score high in neuroticism are emotionally reactive and vulnerable to stress. They are more likely to interpret ordinary situations as threatening, and minor frustrations as hopelessly difficult. Their negative emotional reactions tend to persist for unusually long periods of time, which means they are often in a bad mood. These problems in emotional regulation can diminish a neurotics ability to think clearly, make decisions, and cope effectively with stress (Burger, 2008). Individuals who score low in neuroticism are less easily upset and are less emotionally reactive. They tend to be calm, emotionally stable, and free from persistent negative feelings. Freedom from negative feelings does not mean that low scorers experience a lot of positive feelings. Frequency of positive emotions is a component of the Extraversion domain (Burger, 2008). Application The test that I had just taken is based on the Five Factor Model of personality. There is a broad consensus amongst personality theorists that this model, which describes five major domains or traits, is the best current description of the structure of personality. The five major dimensions, and my scores on them, are described below. Factor I: Extraversion (AKA Surgency) This trait reflects preference for, and behavior in, social situations. People high in extraversion are energetic and seek out the company of others. Low scorers (introverts) tend to be more quiet and reserved. Compared to other people who have taken this test, my score on this dimension (25) is about average. Factor II: Agreeableness (AKA Friendliness) This trait reflects how we tend to interact with others. People high in agreeableness tend to be trusting, friendly and cooperative. Low scorers tend to be more aggressive and less cooperative. Compared to other people who have taken this test, my score on this dimension (25) is about average. Factor III: Conscientiousness (AKA Will or Dependability) This trait reflects how organized and persistent we are in pursuing our goals. High scorers are methodical, well organized and dutiful. Low scorers are less careful, less focused and more likely to be distracted from tasks. Compared to other people who have taken this test, my score on this dimension (29) is relatively low. Factor IV: Neuroticism (AKA Emotional Stability) This trait reflects the tendency to experience negative thoughts and feelings. High scorers are prone to insecurity and emotional distress. Low scorers tend to be more relaxed, less emotional and less prone to distress. Compared to other people who have taken this test, my score on this dimension (25) is about average. Factor V: Openness (AKA Culture or Intellect) This trait reflects open-mindedness and interest in culture. High scorers tend to be imaginative, creative, and to seek out cultural and educational experiences. Low scorers are more down-to-earth, less interested in art and more practical in nature. Compared to other people who have taken this test, my score on this dimension (21) is relatively low. (Sources adapted from Paul D. Tieger Barbara Barron (2000-2003) retrieved on 21 December 2009, from www.personalitytype.com). Conclusion In conclusion, personality types group people into categories on the basic of shared traits and traits are lasting personal qualities that are inferred from behaviour. People who have traits of the hardy personality seem to be resistant to stress, even if they also have Type A traits. People with Type A personalities are competitive, striving, hostile, impatient, and prone to having heart attacks. Personality variables, such as Locus of Control, Machiavellianism, are associated with behavior and performance. Although difficult to measure, these variables appear to be important personality facets in explaining and predicting individual behavior. Reference Funder D C. (2001). Personality. Annual Review Psychology Coon, D. (2006). Psychology: A Modular Approach to Mind and Behavior, (10th eth). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth. James L. Gibson (1994). Organisational Behavior, Structure, Process. USA, Von Hoffmann Press Inc. Niaura, R. (1994). Hostility, The Metabolic Syndrome, and Incident Coronary Heart Disease. Health Psychology. Meyer Friedman and Ray H. Rosenman (1983). Type A Behavior and Your Heart, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. Soldz, S., Vaillant, G. E. (1999). The Big Five personality traits and the life course: A 45-year longitudinal study. Journal of Research in Personality. McCrae, R. R., Costa, P. T., Jr. (1996). Toward a new generation of personality theories: Theoretical contexts for the five-factor model. In J. S. Wiggins (Ed.). The five-factor model of personality: Theoretical perspectives. New York: Guilford. McCrae, R. R., Costa, P. T., Jr. (1997). Personality trait structure as a human universal. American Psychologist. Buss, D. M. (1996). Social adaptation and five major factors of personality. In J. S. Wiggins (Ed.). The five-factor model of personality: Theoretical perspectives. New York: Guilford. James L Gibson, John M. Ivancevich, Jams H. Donnelly, JR and Robert Konopaske, (2003) Organisational Behavior, Structure, Process, The McGraw-Hill Companies. Inc New York. Goldberg, L. R. (1993). The structure of phenotypic personality traits. American psychologist. Hall, W. B. MacKinnon, D.W (1969) Personality correlates of creativity among architects. Journal of Applied Psychology. Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F. (2000). Perspectives on personality (4th eth.) Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Paul D. Tieger Barbara Barron (2000-2003), Personality Type.com. LLC. Stephen P. Robbins and David A. DeCenzo (2005). Fundamentals of Management. Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. Ryckman, R. (2004). Theories of Personality. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth. Jerry M. Burger (2008). Personality (Seventh Edition). Website Reference: www.personalitytype.com www.wikipedia.com

Discobolus by Myron (Ancient Greek Art)

In any history, and above all in the history of art, there are two main aspects, from which the subject may be considered. The subject may be either studied from the point of view of general tendencies, the development of types and ideas, their national character, and the circumstances that surrounded and fostered their growth; or attention may be given to the achievements of individuals, their personality, and the contributions that they respectively made to the general progress.It is true that in any comprehensive study the two must be blended, must supplement and confirm each other. Whichever principle is followed to guide the selection and arrangement of the facts, the study cannot follow it to the entire exclusion of the other. Yet the artist is no less dependent upon external circumstances for the occasion and the material of his works.Had not the predecessors worked through generations of experiment and observation to improve the familiar types, to attain mastery over the stub born substance of marble and bronze, and to acquire and perfect a skilled technique in the treatment of the nude and of drapery, no sculptor of the fifth century could have conceived or executed the bold yet symmetrical contortions of the Discobolus. Had Myron been born a century earlier, he could no more have produced these works than if he had lived at the present day.Before the study approaches the work of this individual master, it may be advisable to take a more general survey of the character of Greek sculpture, as contrasted with earlier and later styles. No art, and especially that of sculpture, can make true progress unless it is constantly kept in touch with nature by observation. Here again the social surroundings of the Greek artist gave him an immense advantage over all others. The daily exercises in the palaestra or gymnasium and the frequently recurring athletic festivals gave him constant opportunities for observing the human form both in rest and in action.This perf ection of condition and of all-round muscular development with the help of a well-trained memory is one of the chief attainments of Myron. For the observation of drapery, too, he had constant opportunities in the figures that surrounded him in daily life. There he could see a variety and grace of texture and of folds such as no draping of a model in unfamiliar garments and materials could ever have suggested. It is true that the same opportunities for varied observation did not exist in the case of the nude female figure.It is perhaps for this very reason that Greek statues of this type, however beautiful in form, rarely if ever impress us with the same breadth and nobility of conception as the corresponding male figures, whether of gods or men. The feeling of the Greeks themselves about the matter is well illustrated by the story of Zeuxis at Croton , how the people of that town, when they commissioned him to paint a picture of Helen, and wished to give him every opportunity for ex celling himself in such a subject, allowed him to see a selection of the most beautiful of their maidens just as freely as he could see their brothers exercising in the palaestra.This is evidently the meaning of the story, though it is misinterpreted by some later authorities in accordance with the eclectic spirit of their own age. Myron was a Greek sculptor. He is supposed to have been a pupil of Ageladas of Argos, but he worked largely in Athens. Sculpting in bronze, he was noted for his animals (of which no examples have survived) and for his athletes in action. His works are known through descriptions by ancient writers, such as Pliny and Pausanias, and two of them by copies, the Discobolus (Gr. discus thrower), the best copy of which is the Lancelotti Discobolus in Rome (Terme Museum), and Athena and Marsyas, of which there are also Roman copies . We know but little about Myron’s life. He was a native of Eleutherae, a town on the frontier of Attica and Boeotia. To judge from the list of his works and the places where they were set up, he must have enjoyed a reputation throughout Hellenic lands. The statues of athletic victors from his hand could be seen at Olympia and at Delphi. However, several of his most famous works were in Athens, and it is probable that his artistic career was mainly associated with that city.He is recorded, however, to have been a pupil of the Argive sculptor Ageladas, who was for a long time the acknowledged leader of the Peloponnesian School of athletic sculpture; and it is said that his fellow-pupils were Phidias and Polyclitus. The dates of Myron’s artistic career can be fixed with certainty by the Olympiads of the victors whose statues he made; Lycinus won in 448 B. C. , and Timanthes in 456; Ladas probably in 476; but so famous an athlete may have had a statue set up in his honor some years after the event.The traditional date given by Pliny, which makes Myron a contemporary of Polyclitus, is evidently wrong. Hi s son Lycius was employed on an important public commission, the statues set up by the knights of Athens at the entrance to the Acropolis, about 446 B. C. We must, therefore, assign the artistic activity of Myron himself to the first half of the fifth century. His early manhood must have coincided with the period of the Persian wars. Of the great men of this period, our knowledge, after all, is most unsatisfactory.Only one of the transitional sculptors who are mentioned by ancient writers, Myron, has a definite personality. He was clearly an artist of decidedly individual tendencies, who can hardly be called typical of any school. Though all of Myron’s works have perished, we have copies of at least two of them, from which we can gain a fairly clear idea of this ancient master. This is the first time that we have had to deal with copies, and it may be worthwhile, therefore, to digress for a moment and consider the nature of the copies on which much of our knowledge of ancient sculpture depends.In the later days of antiquity, especially after the Roman conquest of Greece, there was evidently an enormous demand for reproductions of the famous works of Greek sculpture, and numerous artists devoted themselves to supplying this demand. Some seem to reproduce their originals with considerable exactness; others are obviously far inferior to them. Often one copy was made from another, and sometimes the copyists did not hesitate to alter the originals in details, so that many of their productions are reflections rather than copies, in any exact sense.One very common alteration was the addition of a support in the form of a tree-stump or some other object. This was almost always employed when the copyist, as frequently happened, was working out a marble copy of a bronze original. Moreover, mutilated ancient statues, when they were dug out of the ground, were commonly handed over to a marble-worker for â€Å"restoration†, that is, for the addition of legs o r heads or noses, whatever, in fact, was necessary to make the statue complete.Thus, we have constantly to keep in mind that in dealing with copies, the problem often is to determine, from several widely divergent and differently restored copies, the general appearance and the details of an ancient statue. This method of procedure is excellently illustrated by the most famous of Myron’s works, the Discobolus, or Discus-thrower. The copies of this, which have been found, vary greatly in details. All are marred by the supporting tree-stump, though this was differently treated by different copyists.Only one has a head, which has never been broken off and which shows the original position, as it is described by Lucian. One fragmentary copy was completely misunderstood by the sculptor to whom it was handed over and restored as a fleeing Niobid! The Discobolus is justly famous for its splendid suggestion of vigorous manhood, its bold pose, and its perfect balance. If it were not fo r the formal locks of hair, the rather expressionless face, and some ancient evidence, which fixes the career of Myron in the first half of the fifth century, the statue might well be regarded as a work of the great age of Greek sculpture.As it is, we must probably assign the original to the years just before 450, and regard the unusual freedom with which it is conceived as proof of the originality of Myron rather than as evidence of a general adoption of such active poses by the men of the transitional time. Such an inference is borne out by some other works of the master, such as his group of Athena and Marsyas, and especially his Ladas, a statue of a runner poised on tiptoe just as he reached the goal, a work of which only literary accounts are preserved.Moreover, down to the time of Alexander the Great such violent action as is suggested by these works was rarely represented by the Greek sculptors. These particular innovations, therefore, were little imitated by Myron’s i mmediate successors, but there can be little doubt that much of the progress made during the transitional period was due to his initiative. In compensation for this cooling of ancient enthusiasm, we may perhaps extenuate the one weakness noted by the ancients. He was accounted a master of anatomy and action, but weak in the rendering of the face.Conceding that the faces are not very expressive, it may be doubted whether this is altogether a weakness. It is questionable whether the athletes whom he represents were very expressive of countenance, and it is altogether certain that their faces were not the subject of chief attention. In still further subordinating facial expression, Myron is but following the great law of concentration, which is recognized in all great art. Probably he could not in any case have been a master of psychic analysis, but it is more than doubtful if his themes would have gained by such mastery.Other masters of the same theme long betray the same tendency. My ron was the earliest of the great masters of Greek sculpture. That is to say, he was the earliest sculptor whose works appeared, even to critics who were familiar with the whole range of later art, to be admirable alike for the boldness and originality of their design and the skill of their execution, and who was spoken of in the same breath with Polyclitus and Lysippus, with Phidias and Praxiteles. Quintilian himself declares that to find fault with the Discobolus argues a lack of appreciation of art.The Dorian sculptor Myron specialized in athletes. A marble copy found in Rome demonstrates the way a sculptor may at the same time hold to conventions and reach out toward new forms. The Discus Thrower is really designed to be seen only from the front. Anyone who moves around to the side of this piece can see that it is all on a flat plane. The general line of the figure, which starts with the left foot and runs up through the arms, ending in the discus, suggests somewhat the tension of an opened spring, which will snap shut and propel the wheel into space.The muscles appear about as natural as those in the contemporary Olympian pediment sculpture, and yet this is a single figure. Up to that time, single figures had always some religious significance and therefore remained columnar or geometric. This one is frankly realistic and may have been made pretty much for its own sake. It was no new departure in art for Myron to represent an athlete practicing the exercise in which he excelled. His great attainment, as exemplified by the Discobolus, was the choice of a subject and a moment that was suitable to representation in sculpture.He appears to have been the first to realize the principle, never afterwards violated in Greek sculpture of the best period, that a statue or a sculptural group must be complete in itself, must possess a certain unity and concentration, so as to attract and contain the interest of the spectator within the work itself, and not to direct i t to other extraneous objects, nor even to allow it to wander away. In the Discobolus, the self-contained completeness in the action finds its expression and counterpart in the lines of the composition itself.It may be, as Quintilian says, labored and contorted, but the result is not, as might have been expected, restless in effect or tiring to the eye, because every part is in harmony with the whole, and the eye is carried on by an easy and pleasing succession of outlines round the whole contour of the figure . Beside this excellence of artistic composition, the clever choice of the right moment for representation and of an athletic exercise in which such a moment occurs must also be allowed their merit.The disc or quoit was not aimed at any mark, but merely hurled as far as possible in a given direction, as in the modern competitions of putting the weight or throwing the hammer. Therefore, there was no need for the eye of the competitor to be turned towards a distant goal, but the head could follow the motion of the arm that swung the quoit, the position of the feet sufficing to define the direction of the throw.A false restoration, which makes the thrower turn his head toward this direction, not only produces a painful and even impossible attitude, but also destroys the harmony of the composition, by breaking in upon the system of concentric curves in which every member of the body follows the swing of the extended arm. Athleticism, however, gave one important thing to the Greeks. It was from the models in the palaestra and the stadium that the sculptors of Greece drew their inspiration.It was of course an immense benefit to that art to be able to see the stripped body at exercise in the sunlight, and that, coupled with the natural Greek sense of form, is the secret of the unchallenged supremacy of Greek sculpture. Perfect anatomy of the body was achieved even before the face could be properly rendered. The nude male figure was the favorite theme of fifth-c entury art, and extraordinary perfection was reached by Myron. Myron’s Discobolus is, of course, one of the best known of ancient statues. There are few statues of the fifth century, which thus select an instant out of a series of movements.In the Discobolus, the clear lines of demarcation are not inconsistent with a correct and skilful modeling of the surface. The effect is perhaps somewhat dry, and suggests the appearance of a man in hard training, and even the tension of muscles that would not be exerted at the moment of action is portrayed. However, what convention is left is so thoroughly harmonized with the results of fresh observation as to give the impression of a living body, and to justify the criticism applied to Myron by ancient critics, that he â€Å"almost captured the souls of men and animals in his bronzes† .

The International Relations Topics for Essay Cover Up

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